Which of the following is a cause of complications that may lead to hospitalization in dialysis patients?

The correct answer is thrombosis, as it can lead to significant complications in dialysis patients, often necessitating hospitalization. In patients undergoing dialysis, especially hemodialysis, the presence of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or graft is crucial for accessing the bloodstream. Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within the vascular access site, which can hinder the flow of blood needed for dialysis treatments. When thrombosis occurs, it not only impairs dialysis efficacy but can also lead to more severe complications like venous or arterial obstruction, potential loss of the access site, and increased risk of infection.

Understanding the context of this condition is vital. The clot formation can result in the immediate need for interventions such as catheter placement, thrombolytic therapy, or even surgical procedures to restore access. Such situations frequently result in hospitalization due to the need for urgent care and management of the thrombosed access site.

While overhydration and low blood pressure are also concerns in dialysis patients, they are generally managed during regular treatment sessions and do not usually lead to the immediate requirement for hospitalization unless they result in severe complications. Excessive exercise is typically not a direct cause of hospitalization in dialysis patients unless it directly affects their health status, which is