Which of the following is a common source of calcium kidney stones?

Calcium is a common source of kidney stones, specifically calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones. These types of stones form when there is an excess of calcium in the urine, often due to dietary factors, genetic predisposition, or metabolic disorders. The presence of high calcium levels can lead to crystallization in the kidney, resulting in stone formation.

Dietary contributors such as oxalate-rich foods (like spinach and nuts) can combine with calcium to form stones. Additionally, conditions that affect calcium metabolism (like hyperparathyroidism) can also increase the risk. Therefore, understanding the factors that lead to elevated calcium levels in the urine is vital for both prevention and management of kidney stones. This focus on calcium highlights its pivotal role in the development of the most common type of kidney stone encountered in clinical practice.