Which condition involves an infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder?

The condition that specifically involves an infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). However, this encompasses infections that can affect different parts of the urinary system, including the bladder.

When it comes to inflammation localized specifically to the bladder, it is termed cystitis, which is a type of UTI. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, while prostatitis involves inflammation of the prostate gland. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys and does not pertain to the bladder at all.

Therefore, while urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra, it does not describe the infection of the bladder itself. The correct answer relates to broader terminology that captures bladder inflammation due to infection, which is a hallmark of urinary tract infections.