What term describes the condition when a patient has 80% renal function loss?

The term that describes a condition where a patient experiences 80% renal function loss is "end stage renal failure." This stage indicates that the kidneys are functioning at a critically low level, which is usually defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 mL/min or the need for renal replacement therapy, such as dialysis or kidney transplantation.

In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is categorized into stages based on GFR levels. By the time a patient reaches 80% renal function loss, they are typically classified as being in stage 5 CKD, which is synonymous with end stage renal failure. This reflects a complete decline of kidney function where metabolic wastes can no longer be adequately excreted.

The other terms do not accurately capture the severity of renal function loss represented by 80%. Acute renal failure, for instance, refers to a sudden, often reversible decline in renal function, while renal insufficiency signifies a more general decrease in kidney function without necessarily reaching the critical threshold defining end stage renal failure. Chronic kidney disease encompasses a range of conditions and stages that do not specify such a dramatic loss. Thus, end stage renal failure is the most precise term for a patient with significant renal function