What is a nephron and its role in renal function?

A nephron is fundamentally the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, playing a crucial role in renal function. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons that are responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.

The filtration process begins in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered through a network of capillaries. This allows for the separation of waste products and excess substances while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells within the bloodstream. Subsequently, the filtrate passes through various sections of the nephron, including the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule, where further processing occurs to reabsorb necessary substances and secrete additional wastes.

This ability to filter blood and reclaim valuable substances is central to maintaining homeostasis in the body, making the nephron integral to renal function. Understanding this role emphasizes the importance of nephron health in overall kidney function and systemic well-being.