What electrolyte imbalances can occur during acute kidney injury?

During acute kidney injury (AKI), the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. This impairment can lead to various disturbances in electrolyte balance, largely because the kidneys are primarily responsible for regulating the levels of electrolytes in the body.

One of the most common electrolyte imbalances observed in AKI is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. The kidneys typically excrete excess potassium, so when they are not functioning properly, potassium levels can rise significantly. This can lead to serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, because potassium plays a crucial role in muscle and nerve function.

On the other hand, sodium levels can also be affected during AKI, but in many cases, patients may present with normal or slightly elevated sodium levels, depending on hydration status and fluid balance. However, when acute kidney injury leads to oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output), sodium retention can occur, but the primary listed condition associated with AKI is the high potassium level.

The other options presented do not accurately reflect the typical electrolyte disturbances seen in cases of acute kidney injury. Understanding these imbalances is essential for identifying and managing the complications that arise during acute kidney injury, as