What commonly refers to kidney stones?

The term "renal calculi" is the medical terminology commonly used to refer to kidney stones. Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys and can cause significant pain if they obstruct the urinary tract. The term 'calculi' specifically refers to these stone formations in the renal system.

In contrast, while 'ureterolithiasis' refers to the condition of having stones specifically in the ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), it is a more specific condition rather than a general term for kidney stones. 'Hydronephrosis' refers to the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine—this can occur as a result of kidney stones but is not synonymous with them. 'Nephrosis' is a term that generally refers to a kidney disorder characterized by damage to the nephrons, and does not specifically refer to kidney stones. Thus, the correct terminology for kidney stones is "renal calculi."