What are three types of intrinsic kidney injury?

Intrinsic kidney injury refers to damage that occurs to the kidney tissue itself, which can be caused by a variety of factors. The three types of intrinsic kidney injury—acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute glomerulonephritis—represent different pathological processes affecting the kidneys.

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of acute kidney injury and usually results from ischemia or nephrotoxicity, which leads to the damage of the renal tubules. This condition often follows events such as severe dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic agents, causing a significant decline in renal function.

Acute interstitial nephritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the interstitial tissue surrounding the renal tubules, often due to allergic reactions to medications, infections, or autoimmune conditions. This inflammation can lead to impaired kidney function but is often reversible if identified and treated appropriately.

Acute glomerulonephritis encompasses a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidney. It can arise from infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions affecting the immune system. This type of injury often manifests with symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine